> Christopher Columbus’s chaplain encounters the zemis of the Taíno, ca. 1496

> The Sacred Landscape of the Inka, Cuzco, 16th century

> Nahua curers invoke the Catholic saints, 1629

> Bartolomé de las Casas protests the seizing of idols, 16th century

> Antonio Ruiz de Montoya’s description of a Guaraní ancestral shrine in Paraguay, 1639

> A Catholic priest rebuts Quechua beliefs, 1649

> Nican Mopohua: The Virgin Mary appears to Juan Diego in Mexico City, ca. 1695

> Childhood virtues of St. Rose of Lima, 1711

> A nun dreams of a house of horrors, Quito, ca. 1760

> A Guayaquil native pokes fun of Quiteño piety, ca. 1760